Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
An abdominal aortic aneurysm is a widening of the aorta in the abdomen to a diameter of 3 cm or more. It usually causes no…
Blood Vessel (Vascular) Disease, part of Aortic AneurysmUnderstand your health
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190 conditions · alphabetical order
A
Acute Heart Failure
Acute heart failure means heart failure symptoms that are new or worsen quickly, over hours to days, so they need prompt…
Heart Failure & Cardiomyopathy, part of Heart FailureAcute Pericarditis
Acute pericarditis is a sudden inflammation of the sac that surrounds the heart, usually caused by a viral infection or occurring…
Pericardial Disease, part of PericarditisAdult Structural Heart Disease
Adult structural heart disease means problems with the valves, the dividing walls (septum), or the walls of the heart in adults…
Congenital & Structural Heart DiseaseAneurysm
An aneurysm is a localized widening of a weakened artery wall, which makes the vessel bulge like a balloon. Aneurysms can form in…
Blood Vessel (Vascular) DiseaseAngina Pectoris
Angina pectoris is chest pain or discomfort that occurs when the heart muscle does not get enough oxygen-rich blood, usually…
Coronary & Ischemic Heart DiseaseAntiphospholipid Syndrome
Antiphospholipid syndrome is an autoimmune disease in which certain antibodies make the blood clot easily. This can lead to clots…
Hypertension & Cardiometabolic DiseaseAortic Aneurysm
An aortic aneurysm is a localized widening of the aorta, the main artery leaving the heart, caused by a weakened wall. It can…
Blood Vessel (Vascular) Disease, part of AneurysmAortic Dissection
Aortic dissection is a tear in the inner layer of the aorta, the main artery leaving the heart, that lets blood flow between the…
Blood Vessel (Vascular) Disease, part of Vascular DiseaseAortic Regurgitation
Aortic regurgitation is a leak in the aortic valve, so some of the blood already pumped into the aorta flows back into the left…
Heart Valve Disease, part of Valve Regurgitation / InsufficiencyAortic Stenosis
Aortic stenosis is a narrowing of the aortic valve, the doorway through which blood leaves the left ventricle for the rest of the…
Heart Valve Disease, part of Heart Valve StenosisArrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a heart muscle disease that is usually inherited. The muscle of the…
Heart Failure & Cardiomyopathy, part of CardiomyopathyArterial Embolism
Arterial embolism is a sudden blockage of an artery by a blood clot or other material carried in the bloodstream, usually from…
Blood Vessel (Vascular) DiseaseArterial Stenosis
Arterial stenosis is a narrowing of the channel inside an artery that reduces blood flow to an organ. The common cause is…
Blood Vessel (Vascular) DiseaseAtherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is a buildup of plaque made of fat, cholesterol, and calcium in the artery walls, which makes the arteries…
Blood Vessel (Vascular) DiseaseAthlete's Heart
Athlete's heart is a change in the size, walls, and electrical activity of the heart that occurs as a normal response to regular…
Other Cardiovascular ConditionsAtrial Fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation is a heart rhythm disorder in which the upper chambers of the heart (atria) quiver rapidly and irregularly…
Heart Rhythm & Electrical Disorders, part of Heart Rhythm Disorders / ArrhythmiaAtrial Flutter
Atrial flutter is a rhythm disorder in which an electrical signal circles quickly and regularly in the upper chambers of the…
Heart Rhythm & Electrical Disorders, part of Heart Rhythm Disorders / ArrhythmiaAtrial Septal Defect
An atrial septal defect is a hole present at birth in the wall between the heart's two upper chambers. Small holes often close on…
Congenital & Structural Heart Disease, part of Congenital Heart DiseaseAtrial Tachycardia
Atrial tachycardia is a fast heart rate triggered by one or more spots in the upper chambers (atria), not by the heart's natural…
Heart Rhythm & Electrical Disorders, part of TachycardiaAtrioventricular Block
Atrioventricular block is a blockage of the electrical signal from the upper chambers of the heart (atria) to the lower chambers…
Heart Rhythm & Electrical Disorders, part of BradycardiaB
Bradycardia
Bradycardia is a heart rate slower than 60 beats per minute at rest. In fit people or during sleep, this is often normal. If it…
Heart Rhythm & Electrical Disorders, part of Heart Rhythm Disorders / ArrhythmiaBrugada Syndrome
Brugada syndrome is an electrical disorder of the heart, often inherited, that can trigger dangerous rhythms from the lower…
Heart Rhythm & Electrical DisordersC
Cancer Therapy-Related Heart Disease
Cancer therapy-related heart disease is a heart and blood vessel problem caused by cancer medicines or chest radiation, such as a…
Heart Failure & CardiomyopathyCardiac Amyloidosis
Cardiac amyloidosis is a buildup of an abnormal protein called amyloid in the heart muscle, which makes the heart walls thick and…
Genetic, Rare, and Infiltrative ConditionsCardiac Device Infection
A cardiac device infection is an infection of a pacemaker, ICD, CRT device, or its wires (leads). The infection may stay in the…
Post-Procedure Cardiovascular ComplicationsCardiac Hemochromatosis
Cardiac hemochromatosis is damage to the heart muscle caused by excess iron building up in heart cells, due to a genetic…
Genetic, Rare, and Infiltrative ConditionsCardiac Sarcoidosis
Cardiac sarcoidosis is inflammation that forms clusters of inflammatory cells (granulomas) in the heart muscle. It can cause…
Heart Failure & CardiomyopathyCardiac Tamponade
Cardiac tamponade is an emergency in which fluid or blood in the sac around the heart presses on the heart, so it cannot fill and…
Pericardial DiseaseCardiac Tumors
A cardiac tumor is a growth of tissue in the wall, chambers, valves, or surrounding sac of the heart. Tumors that start in the…
Other Cardiovascular ConditionsCardiogenic Pulmonary Edema
Cardiogenic pulmonary edema is a buildup of fluid in the air sacs of the lungs because pressure in the left side of the heart…
Heart-Related Lung DiseaseCardiogenic Shock
Cardiogenic shock is an emergency in which the heart suddenly cannot pump enough blood, so blood pressure drops and the organs do…
Heart Failure & CardiomyopathyCardiomegaly
Cardiomegaly means the heart is larger than normal, usually seen on a chest X-ray or echocardiography. It is not a disease on its…
Cardiovascular Symptoms & Clinical SyndromesCardiomyopathy
Cardiomyopathy is a group of heart muscle diseases that make the heart chambers enlarge, the walls thicken, or the muscle become…
Heart Failure & CardiomyopathyCardiopulmonary Syndrome
Cardiopulmonary syndrome is when heart disease and chronic lung disease occur together and worsen each other, for example COPD…
Heart-Related Lung DiseaseCardiovascular-Related Lung Disease
Cardiovascular-related lung disease is a group of lung disorders linked to the heart and blood vessels, such as fluid in the…
Heart-Related Lung DiseaseCerebral Aneurysm
A cerebral aneurysm is a small bulge in a weakened artery wall inside the head. The majority cause no symptoms and never rupture…
Blood Vessel (Vascular) Disease, part of AneurysmChest Pain
Chest pain is pain, pressure, heaviness, or discomfort in the chest that can come from the heart, lungs, blood vessels, stomach…
Cardiovascular Symptoms & Clinical SyndromesChronic Heart Failure
Chronic heart failure is heart failure that lasts a long time, with symptoms that are relatively stable thanks to treatment. It…
Heart Failure & Cardiomyopathy, part of Heart FailureChronic Kidney Disease
Chronic kidney disease is kidney damage or reduced kidney function that lasts more than 3 months. It usually develops slowly…
Hypertension & Cardiometabolic DiseaseChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a long-term lung disease that makes it hard for air to flow out of the lungs, and…
Heart-Related Lung DiseaseChronic Pericarditis
Chronic pericarditis is inflammation of the sac around the heart that lasts longer than three months. It often comes with fluid…
Pericardial Disease, part of PericarditisChronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is high pressure in the pulmonary arteries caused by old blood clots that…
Hypertension & Cardiometabolic Disease, part of Pulmonary HypertensionChronic Venous Insufficiency
Chronic venous insufficiency is a condition in which the leg veins cannot return blood to the heart properly over a long period…
Blood Vessel (Vascular) Disease, part of Venous DiseaseCoarctation of the Aorta
Coarctation of the aorta is a congenital narrowing of the aorta, the body's main artery, usually near its arch. As a result…
Congenital & Structural Heart Disease, part of Congenital Heart DiseaseCongenital Heart Disease
Congenital heart disease is an abnormality in the structure of the heart or the large blood vessels that is present from birth…
Congenital & Structural Heart DiseaseConstrictive Pericarditis
Constrictive pericarditis is a condition in which the sac around the heart becomes thick, stiff, and sometimes calcified, so the…
Pericardial Disease, part of PericarditisCor Pulmonale
Cor pulmonale is enlargement and weakening of the heart's right ventricle caused by disease of the lungs or lung blood vessels…
Heart Failure & CardiomyopathyCoronary Artery Disease
Coronary artery disease occurs when the coronary arteries, the blood vessels of the heart muscle, become narrowed or do not work…
Coronary & Ischemic Heart DiseaseCritical Limb Ischemia
Critical limb ischemia is a severe stage of peripheral artery disease: blood flow to the leg is so reduced that pain at rest…
Blood Vessel (Vascular) Disease, part of Peripheral Artery DiseaseD
Danon Disease
Danon disease is a rare genetic disorder caused by a change in the LAMP2 gene that mainly affects the heart muscle, skeletal…
Genetic, Rare, and Infiltrative ConditionsDeep Vein Thrombosis
Deep vein thrombosis is a blood clot in a deep vein, usually in the calf, thigh, or pelvis. The clot makes the leg swollen and…
Blood Vessel (Vascular) Disease, part of Venous DiseaseDegenerative Heart Valve Disease
Degenerative heart valve disease is valve damage that develops slowly with age, in the form of calcification, thickening, or…
Heart Valve DiseaseDiabetes Mellitus
Diabetes mellitus is a long-term disease in which blood sugar levels stay high because the body lacks insulin or insulin does not…
Hypertension & Cardiometabolic DiseaseDilated Cardiomyopathy
Dilated cardiomyopathy is a heart muscle disease that makes the left ventricle enlarge and its pumping weaken, in a way not…
Heart Failure & Cardiomyopathy, part of CardiomyopathyDouble Outlet Right Ventricle
Double outlet right ventricle is a congenital heart defect in which the aorta and the pulmonary artery both arise from the right…
Congenital & Structural Heart Disease, part of Congenital Heart DiseaseDrug-Induced Hypotension
Drug-induced hypotension is blood pressure that drops too low because of the effects of a medication, whether a blood pressure…
Other Cardiovascular Conditions, part of HypotensionDyslipidemia
Dyslipidemia is a condition in which blood fat levels are abnormal, for example LDL cholesterol or triglycerides are too high, or…
Hypertension & Cardiometabolic DiseaseE
Ebstein Anomaly
Ebstein anomaly is a congenital defect of the tricuspid valve, the valve between the right atrium and right ventricle, which is…
Congenital & Structural Heart Disease, part of Congenital Heart DiseaseEye Stroke
An eye stroke is a blockage of a retinal artery that causes sudden loss of vision in one eye, usually without pain. It is an…
Blood Vessel (Vascular) Disease, part of StrokeF
Fabry Disease
Fabry disease is a rare inherited disease caused by a lack of the enzyme alpha-galactosidase A, which leads to fatty substances…
Heart Failure & CardiomyopathyH
Heart Failure
Heart failure is a condition in which the heart cannot pump or fill with as much blood as the body needs, causing shortness of…
Heart Failure & CardiomyopathyHeart Failure with Mildly Reduced Ejection Fraction
Heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction is heart failure with an ejection fraction of 41 to 49%: the left ventricle's…
Heart Failure & Cardiomyopathy, part of Heart FailureHeart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is heart failure with an ejection fraction of 50% or more: the pumping strength…
Heart Failure & Cardiomyopathy, part of Heart FailureHeart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction
Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction is heart failure in which the pumping of the left ventricle has weakened, so only…
Heart Failure & Cardiomyopathy, part of Heart FailureHeart Rhythm Disorders / Arrhythmia
An arrhythmia is a problem with the heart's electrical system that makes the heartbeat too fast, too slow, or irregular. Some are…
Heart Rhythm & Electrical DisordersHeart Valve Disease
Heart valve disease is a problem with one or more of the heart's four valves that makes a valve narrowed or leaky. As a result…
Heart Valve DiseaseHeart Valve Regurgitation
Heart valve regurgitation is a leak in a heart valve that lets some blood flow backward. Its degree, from very mild to severe…
Heart Valve DiseaseHeart Valve Stenosis
Heart valve stenosis is a narrowing of a heart valve, so the valve does not open wide and blood flow is obstructed. The heart has…
Heart Valve Disease, part of Heart Valve DiseaseHeart-Related Fatigue
Heart-related fatigue is tiredness or tiring easily linked to how the heart and blood vessels work, for example in heart failure…
Cardiovascular Symptoms & Clinical SyndromesHemorrhagic Stroke
A hemorrhagic stroke happens when a blood vessel in or around the brain bursts, so blood presses on and damages brain tissue…
Blood Vessel (Vascular) Disease, part of StrokeHypertension
Hypertension is blood pressure that stays at 140/90 mmHg or higher. It usually causes no symptoms, but over the years it strains…
Hypertension & Cardiometabolic DiseaseHypertension in Pregnancy
Hypertension in pregnancy is a blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg or higher during pregnancy. Its types include hypertension that…
Hypertension & Cardiometabolic Disease, part of HypertensionHypertensive Crisis
Hypertensive crisis is a surge in blood pressure to very high levels, usually 180/110 mmHg or higher. When it comes with new…
Hypertension & Cardiometabolic Disease, part of HypertensionHyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland makes too much hormone, causing the body and the heart to work too…
Hypertension & Cardiometabolic Disease, part of Thyroid DisordersHypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a heart muscle disease, usually inherited, that makes the wall of the left ventricle thicken…
Heart Failure & Cardiomyopathy, part of CardiomyopathyHypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome is a severe congenital heart defect in which the left ventricle, mitral valve, aortic valve, and…
Congenital & Structural Heart Disease, part of Congenital Heart DiseaseHypotension
Hypotension is blood pressure that is lower than usual, generally below 90/60 mmHg. In some people it causes no symptoms, but if…
Other Cardiovascular ConditionsHypotensive Shock
Hypotensive shock is a severe drop in blood pressure that leaves the body's organs without enough blood flow and oxygen. It is an…
Other Cardiovascular Conditions, part of HypotensionHypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland makes too little hormone, so the body's processes slow down. Symptoms…
Hypertension & Cardiometabolic Disease, part of Thyroid DisordersI
In-Stent Restenosis
Restenosis is the renewed narrowing of a coronary artery at a spot that was previously widened with a balloon or fitted with a…
Post-Procedure Cardiovascular ComplicationsInfective Endocarditis
Infective endocarditis is an infection of the inner lining of the heart, especially the valves, caused by bacteria or sometimes…
Heart Valve DiseaseInfiltrative Cardiomyopathy
Infiltrative cardiomyopathy is a heart muscle disease caused by a buildup of abnormal substances or cells in the heart wall, such…
Heart Failure & Cardiomyopathy, part of CardiomyopathyIntermittent Claudication
Intermittent claudication is pain, cramping, or aching in the leg muscles that appears when walking and eases after a few minutes…
Blood Vessel (Vascular) Disease, part of Peripheral Artery DiseaseIschemic Cardiomyopathy
Ischemic cardiomyopathy is a weakening of the heart muscle and its pumping action caused by coronary artery disease, usually…
Heart Failure & Cardiomyopathy, part of CardiomyopathyIschemic Stroke
Ischemic stroke happens when a blood vessel in the brain is blocked by a clot or plaque, so part of the brain does not get enough…
Blood Vessel (Vascular) Disease, part of StrokeK
Kawasaki Disease
Kawasaki disease is an inflammation of the blood vessels in children, especially those under 5, marked by a high fever lasting…
Genetic, Rare, and Infiltrative ConditionsKlippel-Trenaunay Syndrome
Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome is a rare congenital blood vessel disorder marked by a reddish purple birthmark on the skin, varicose…
Genetic, Rare, and Infiltrative Conditions, part of Venous DiseaseL
Left Ventricular Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy
Left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy is a condition in which the inner layer of the wall of the heart's left ventricle…
Heart Failure & Cardiomyopathy, part of CardiomyopathyLeg Swelling
Leg swelling is a buildup of fluid in the lower legs, ankles, or tops of the feet. Its causes vary, from standing too long and…
Cardiovascular Symptoms & Clinical SyndromesLoeys-Dietz Syndrome
Loeys-Dietz syndrome is a genetic connective tissue disorder that weakens the walls of the aorta and other arteries. Blood…
Genetic, Rare, and Infiltrative ConditionsLong QT Syndrome
Long QT syndrome is an electrical disorder of the heart, inherited or caused by certain medications, in which electrical recovery…
Heart Rhythm & Electrical DisordersLown-Ganong-Levine Syndrome
Lown-Ganong-Levine (LGL) syndrome is an old term for a short PR interval on the ECG without a delta wave, together with episodes…
Heart Rhythm & Electrical Disorders, part of Pre-Excitation SyndromeLung Disease Caused by Heart Disease
Lung disease caused by heart disease is a lung problem that develops because the heart does not pump or move blood well, so…
Heart-Related Lung DiseaseM
Marfan Syndrome
Marfan syndrome is an inherited connective tissue disorder caused by a change in the FBN1 gene. It can weaken and widen the…
Genetic, Rare, and Infiltrative ConditionsMasked Hypertension
Masked hypertension is blood pressure that is normal when measured at the clinic but high at home, at work, or during sleep…
Hypertension & Cardiometabolic Disease, part of HypertensionMay-Thurner Syndrome
May-Thurner syndrome is a condition in which the left pelvic vein is compressed by the right pelvic artery that crosses in front…
Blood Vessel (Vascular) Disease, part of Venous DiseaseMetabolic Syndrome
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of problems that occur together: excess belly fat, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, high…
Hypertension & Cardiometabolic DiseaseMicrovascular Angina
Microvascular angina is chest pain caused by a problem in the very small blood vessels of the heart muscle, so blood flow does…
Coronary & Ischemic Heart Disease, part of Angina PectorisMinor Stroke and TIA
Minor stroke covers a transient ischemic attack (TIA), whose symptoms go away on their own, and an ischemic stroke with mild…
Blood Vessel (Vascular) Disease, part of StrokeMitral Regurgitation
Mitral regurgitation is a leak in the mitral valve that lets some blood flow back from the left ventricle into the left atrium…
Heart Valve Disease, part of Valve Regurgitation / InsufficiencyMitral Stenosis
Mitral stenosis is a narrowing of the mitral valve, the doorway between the left atrium and the left ventricle of the heart…
Heart Valve Disease, part of Heart Valve StenosisMitral Valve Prolapse
Mitral valve prolapse is a condition in which the leaflets of the mitral valve bulge into the left atrium as the heart pumps…
Heart Valve DiseaseMyocardial Infarction / Heart Attack
A myocardial infarction, or heart attack, happens when blood flow to part of the heart muscle drops sharply or stops suddenly…
Coronary & Ischemic Heart DiseaseMyocardial Infarction with Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries (MINOCA)
Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) is a heart attack confirmed by a rise in troponin, but…
Coronary & Ischemic Heart Disease, part of Myocardial Infarction / Heart AttackMyocarditis
Myocarditis is inflammation of the heart muscle, often after a viral infection. Many cases are mild and recover, but some can…
Heart Failure & CardiomyopathyN
Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)
Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) is a heart attack that usually occurs because of a partial blockage of a coronary…
Coronary & Ischemic Heart Disease, part of Myocardial Infarction / Heart AttackNoncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema is a buildup of fluid in the air sacs of the lungs that is not caused by the heart but by leaky…
Heart-Related Lung DiseaseNonischemic Cardiomyopathy
Nonischemic cardiomyopathy is a term for heart muscle that has weakened or changed shape for reasons other than coronary artery…
Heart Failure & Cardiomyopathy, part of CardiomyopathyO
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Obstructive sleep apnea is a sleep disorder in which the upper airway repeatedly narrows or closes, so breathing briefly stops…
Hypertension & Cardiometabolic DiseaseOrthostatic Hypotension
Orthostatic hypotension is a drop in blood pressure when you stand up: the top number falls by 20 mmHg or more, or the bottom…
Other Cardiovascular Conditions, part of HypotensionP
Palpitations
Palpitations are the feeling of your heart pounding, beating fast, hard, or irregularly. Most cases are triggered by minor things…
Cardiovascular Symptoms & Clinical SyndromesParavalvular Leak
Paravalvular leak is a backflow of blood through a gap between the ring of an artificial heart valve and the surrounding heart…
Post-Procedure Cardiovascular ComplicationsPatent Ductus Arteriosus
Patent ductus arteriosus is a channel between the aorta and the pulmonary artery that stays open after birth. A small channel…
Congenital & Structural Heart Disease, part of Congenital Heart DiseasePatent Foramen Ovale
A patent foramen ovale is a small, flap-like opening in the wall between the heart's upper chambers that does not close after…
Congenital & Structural Heart Disease, part of Congenital Heart DiseasePericardial Effusion
Pericardial effusion is excess fluid inside the sac that surrounds the heart (the pericardium). Most cases are small and cause no…
Pericardial DiseasePericarditis
Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium, the thin, two-layered membrane that surrounds the heart. Its typical symptom is…
Pericardial DiseasePeripartum Cardiomyopathy
Peripartum cardiomyopathy is a weakening of the heart's pumping that appears toward the end of pregnancy or in the months after…
Heart Failure & Cardiomyopathy, part of CardiomyopathyPeripheral Artery Aneurysm
A peripheral artery aneurysm is a localized widening of an artery outside the aorta and brain, usually behind the knee or in the…
Blood Vessel (Vascular) Disease, part of AneurysmPeripheral Artery Disease
Peripheral artery disease is a narrowing of the arteries that carry blood to the legs, usually caused by atherosclerotic plaque…
Blood Vessel (Vascular) DiseasePeripheral Edema
Peripheral edema is a buildup of fluid in the tissues of the legs, feet, hands, or arms. It has many possible causes, ranging…
Cardiovascular Symptoms & Clinical SyndromesPersistent Hypotension
Persistent hypotension is blood pressure that stays low, generally below 90/60 mmHg across repeated measurements. In some people…
Other Cardiovascular Conditions, part of HypotensionPost-Myocardial Infarction Complications
Post-myocardial infarction complications are problems that can appear within hours to years after a heart attack, such as rhythm…
Coronary & Ischemic Heart Disease, part of Myocardial Infarction / Heart AttackPost-Procedural Arrhythmia
Post-procedural arrhythmia is a heart rhythm disorder that appears after heart surgery or a heart procedure, for example atrial…
Post-Procedure Cardiovascular Complications, part of Heart Rhythm Disorders / ArrhythmiaPost-Thrombotic Syndrome
Post-thrombotic syndrome is a long-term leg problem after deep vein thrombosis, with heaviness, pain, swelling, and skin changes…
Blood Vessel (Vascular) Disease, part of Venous DiseasePostprandial Hypotension
Postprandial hypotension is a drop in blood pressure within two hours after eating, of at least 20 mmHg in the upper (systolic)…
Other Cardiovascular Conditions, part of HypotensionPre-Excitation Syndrome
Pre-excitation syndrome is a condition in which part of the heart's lower chambers receives the electrical signal early through…
Heart Rhythm & Electrical DisordersPrehypertension
Prehypertension is blood pressure that is above normal but not yet in the hypertension range. The 2024 ESC guidelines call it…
Hypertension & Cardiometabolic Disease, part of HypertensionPremature Atrial Contraction
A premature atrial contraction is an extra heartbeat from the upper chambers of the heart that comes earlier than expected. It…
Heart Rhythm & Electrical DisordersPremature Ventricular Contraction
A premature ventricular contraction is an extra heartbeat from the lower chambers of the heart (ventricles) that comes earlier…
Heart Rhythm & Electrical DisordersPrimary Hypertension
Primary or essential hypertension is high blood pressure with no single identifiable cause, and it affects about 9 in 10 people…
Hypertension & Cardiometabolic Disease, part of HypertensionPrimary Pulmonary Hypertension
Primary pulmonary hypertension, now called idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension, is high blood pressure in the lung blood…
Hypertension & Cardiometabolic Disease, part of Pulmonary HypertensionProsthetic Valve Dysfunction
Prosthetic valve dysfunction is when an artificial heart valve, whether mechanical or biological, no longer opens or closes…
Post-Procedure Cardiovascular ComplicationsPulmonary Embolism
Pulmonary embolism is a blockage in a lung artery, usually caused by a blood clot that has broken off from a leg vein. It is an…
Heart-Related Lung DiseasePulmonary Hypertension
Pulmonary hypertension is high pressure in the blood vessels of the lungs, which is different from the high blood pressure…
Heart-Related Lung Disease, part of HypertensionPulmonary Regurgitation
Pulmonary regurgitation is a leak in the pulmonary valve, so some of the blood pumped to the lungs flows back into the right…
Heart Valve Disease, part of Valve Regurgitation / InsufficiencyPulmonary Stenosis
Pulmonary stenosis is a narrowing of the pulmonary valve, the outlet that carries blood from the heart's right ventricle to the…
Heart Valve Disease, part of Heart Valve StenosisR
Recurrent Pericarditis
Recurrent pericarditis is inflammation of the lining around the heart that comes back after a symptom-free period of at least 4…
Pericardial Disease, part of PericarditisResistant Hypertension
Resistant hypertension is blood pressure that stays at 140/90 mmHg or higher despite lifestyle changes and three medicines at…
Hypertension & Cardiometabolic Disease, part of HypertensionRestrictive Cardiomyopathy
Restrictive cardiomyopathy is a heart muscle disease that makes the walls of the heart's chambers stiff, so the heart has trouble…
Heart Failure & Cardiomyopathy, part of CardiomyopathyRheumatic Heart Disease
Rheumatic heart disease is permanent damage to the heart, especially the valves, that remains after rheumatic fever, an immune…
Heart Valve DiseaseRheumatic Valve Disease
Rheumatic valve disease is damage to the heart valves caused by rheumatic fever, an immune reaction that follows a throat…
Heart Valve DiseaseRheumatoid Arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis is a long-term autoimmune disease that makes joints painful, swollen, and stiff, especially the small joints…
Other Cardiovascular ConditionsS
Secondary Hypertension
Secondary hypertension is high blood pressure caused by a specific disease or condition, such as a kidney disorder, excess…
Hypertension & Cardiometabolic Disease, part of HypertensionSecondary Pulmonary Hypertension
Secondary pulmonary hypertension is high pressure in the lung arteries caused by another disease, mainly left heart disease and…
Hypertension & Cardiometabolic Disease, part of Pulmonary HypertensionShortness of Breath
Shortness of breath is a feeling of difficulty breathing or of not getting enough air. It can come from the heart, lungs, or…
Cardiovascular Symptoms & Clinical SyndromesSilent Myocardial Infarction
A silent myocardial infarction is a heart attack that goes unnoticed because its symptoms are vague or absent, and it is only…
Coronary & Ischemic Heart Disease, part of Myocardial Infarction / Heart AttackSilent Myocardial Ischemia
Silent myocardial ischemia is a condition in which the heart muscle does not get enough blood flow, yet no chest pain occurs. It…
Coronary & Ischemic Heart DiseaseSinus Bradycardia
Sinus bradycardia is a slow heart rate that still starts in the sinus node, the heart's natural pacemaker, with a regular rhythm…
Heart Rhythm & Electrical Disorders, part of BradycardiaSpontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a tear or bleeding inside the wall of a coronary artery that narrows blood flow…
Coronary & Ischemic Heart DiseaseST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI)
ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a heart attack caused by a complete blockage of a coronary artery, which shows up…
Coronary & Ischemic Heart Disease, part of Myocardial Infarction / Heart AttackStable Angina
Stable angina is pain or pressure in the chest that appears in a predictable pattern, usually during physical activity or strong…
Coronary & Ischemic Heart Disease, part of Angina PectorisStent Thrombosis
Stent thrombosis is the sudden blockage of a stent in a coronary artery by a blood clot. It usually causes a heart attack and…
Post-Procedure Cardiovascular ComplicationsStroke
A stroke happens when blood flow to part of the brain is blocked or a blood vessel in the brain bursts, so brain cells are…
Blood Vessel (Vascular) DiseaseStructural Heart Abnormalities
Structural heart abnormalities are changes in the physical parts of the heart, such as the dividing walls, valves, ventricle…
Congenital & Structural Heart DiseaseSudden Cardiac Death
Sudden cardiac death is an unexpected death that occurs because the heart suddenly stops pumping, usually due to a severe rhythm…
Heart Failure & CardiomyopathySuperficial Thrombophlebitis
Superficial thrombophlebitis is inflammation of a vein just under the skin with a blood clot inside, so the vein feels painful…
Blood Vessel (Vascular) Disease, part of Venous DiseaseSupraventricular Tachycardia
Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is an episode of fast, regular heartbeats coming from the atria or the AV node that starts and…
Heart Rhythm & Electrical Disorders, part of TachycardiaSyncope
Syncope, or fainting, is a brief loss of consciousness caused by reduced blood flow to the brain, followed by a quick recovery on…
Cardiovascular Symptoms & Clinical SyndromesSystemic Lupus Erythematosus
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a long-term autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the body's own tissues. Lupus…
Hypertension & Cardiometabolic DiseaseSystemic Sclerosis
Systemic sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that makes the skin and internal organs thick and stiff. Besides the skin, it can…
Other Cardiovascular ConditionsSystemic Vasculitis
Systemic vasculitis is a group of diseases that cause inflammation of the blood vessel walls. The inflammation can make vessels…
Blood Vessel (Vascular) DiseaseT
Tachycardia
Tachycardia is a heart rate of more than 100 beats per minute at rest. It can be a normal response of the body, or a sign of a…
Heart Rhythm & Electrical Disorders, part of Heart Rhythm Disorders / ArrhythmiaTachycardia-Bradycardia Syndrome
Tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome is a form of sinus node dysfunction in which the heart rate alternates between too fast and too…
Heart Rhythm & Electrical Disorders, part of Heart Rhythm Disorders / ArrhythmiaTakotsubo Cardiomyopathy
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a sudden weakening of part of the muscle of the heart's left ventricle, often after severe emotional…
Heart Failure & Cardiomyopathy, part of CardiomyopathyTetralogy of Fallot
Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect with four features: a hole in the wall between the ventricles, a narrowed…
Congenital & Structural Heart Disease, part of Congenital Heart DiseaseThoracic Aortic Aneurysm
A thoracic aortic aneurysm is a widening of the aorta in the chest, anywhere from the aortic root to the descending aorta. It…
Blood Vessel (Vascular) Disease, part of Aortic AneurysmThoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm
A thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm is a widening of the aorta that extends from the chest to the abdomen and involves the…
Blood Vessel (Vascular) Disease, part of AneurysmThyroid Disorders
Thyroid disorders are problems with the thyroid gland in the neck: it makes too much or too little hormone, or the gland becomes…
Hypertension & Cardiometabolic DiseaseTotal Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return is a congenital defect in which all four pulmonary veins drain not into the left atrium…
Congenital & Structural Heart Disease, part of Congenital Heart DiseaseToxic Cardiomyopathy
Toxic cardiomyopathy is damage to the heart muscle caused by substances that poison the heart, such as excessive alcohol…
Heart Failure & Cardiomyopathy, part of CardiomyopathyTransposition of the Great Arteries
Transposition of the great arteries is a congenital heart defect in which the aorta and the pulmonary artery have switched…
Congenital & Structural Heart Disease, part of Congenital Heart DiseaseTricuspid Regurgitation
Tricuspid regurgitation is a leak in the tricuspid valve that lets some blood flow back from the right ventricle into the right…
Heart Valve Disease, part of Valve Regurgitation / InsufficiencyTricuspid Stenosis
Tricuspid stenosis is a narrowing of the tricuspid valve, the opening between the right atrium and right ventricle of the heart…
Heart Valve Disease, part of Heart Valve StenosisTruncus Arteriosus
Truncus arteriosus (persistent truncus arteriosus) is a congenital heart defect in which only one large blood vessel leaves the…
Congenital & Structural Heart Disease, part of Congenital Heart DiseaseType 1 Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, so the…
Hypertension & Cardiometabolic Disease, part of Diabetes MellitusType 2 Diabetes
Type 2 diabetes is a common type of diabetes in which the body becomes less sensitive to insulin and gradually produces less of…
Hypertension & Cardiometabolic Disease, part of Diabetes MellitusU
Unstable Angina
Unstable angina is chest pain that is new, becoming more frequent or severe, or occurring at rest, because blood flow in the…
Coronary & Ischemic Heart Disease, part of Angina PectorisV
Valve Regurgitation / Insufficiency
Valve regurgitation, or valve insufficiency, is a condition in which a heart valve does not close tightly, so some blood flows…
Heart Valve Disease, part of Heart Valve DiseaseVaricose Veins
Varicose veins are widened, bulging, twisting veins under the skin of the legs, caused by leaky valves inside them. Symptoms…
Blood Vessel (Vascular) Disease, part of Venous DiseaseVascular Disease
Vascular disease is a general term for disorders of the arteries and veins, mainly outside the heart, such as narrowing…
Blood Vessel (Vascular) DiseaseVascular Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is an inherited disorder of type III collagen caused by a change in the COL3A1 gene. The walls of…
Genetic, Rare, and Infiltrative ConditionsVasospastic Angina
Variant or vasospastic angina is chest pain caused by a temporary cramping (spasm) of a coronary artery that restricts blood flow…
Coronary & Ischemic Heart Disease, part of Angina PectorisVasovagal Hypotension
Vasovagal hypotension is a sudden drop in blood pressure and heart rate caused by a nerve reflex, triggered by standing for a…
Other Cardiovascular Conditions, part of HypotensionVenous Disease
Venous disease is a problem in the veins, the blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart, caused either by leaky vein…
Blood Vessel (Vascular) DiseaseVentricular Fibrillation
Ventricular fibrillation is a chaotic rhythm in the heart's lower chambers that makes the heart quiver without pumping blood. The…
Heart Rhythm & Electrical Disorders, part of Heart Rhythm Disorders / ArrhythmiaVentricular Septal Defect
A ventricular septal defect is a hole, present from birth, in the wall between the two lower chambers of the heart. Small holes…
Congenital & Structural Heart Disease, part of Congenital Heart DiseaseVentricular Tachycardia
Ventricular tachycardia is a fast heartbeat that starts in the lower chambers of the heart. A long-lasting episode can disrupt…
Heart Rhythm & Electrical Disorders, part of TachycardiaW
White Coat Hypertension
White coat hypertension is blood pressure that is high when measured at the clinic but normal at home and during 24-hour…
Hypertension & Cardiometabolic Disease, part of HypertensionWolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome
Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a condition present from birth in which an extra electrical pathway between the upper and…
Heart Rhythm & Electrical Disorders, part of Pre-Excitation SyndromeNeed help?
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